The Guns of August

Gallieni, recognizing Von Kluck’s turn, decides to attack. Von Kluck, thinking the French defeated, does not wait for his artillery, his supply lines, orders from command, or the chance for his men to rest. It is a fatal mistake, as his men are deathly tired from the fighting and forced marches. The German command also does not think the French can counterattack. Only Moltke, at headquarters, has misgivings. He tries to halt the German advance, but his orders come too late.

Joffre sends out orders that his army may attack; he needs to know if it can. He needs to know if the British will attack in concert. His men are in terrible condition and he wants more troops, but like Gallieni and many of the French officers, Joffre believes this is the only chance they have. His generals confirm their men can fight. He receives assurances the British will fight as well, though Sir John French countermands those orders.

Moltke sends orders to stop the German advance, but his orders are too late—Von Kluck is already on the move—so he sends a personal envoy to stop Von Kluck. Joffre also sends a personal envoy—himself—to the British. Throwing his arms wide, Joffre says the “lives of all French people, the soil of France, the future of Europe” depends upon the offensive (434).