Iron John

Iron John: A Book About Men is an influential work by Robert Bly, an American poet, author, and leader in the Mythopoetic Men's Movement, which seeks to redefine masculinity through the integration of psychological insights and mythological storytelling. Published in 1990, Bly considers the psyche of men, drawing from influences including Carl Jung's analytical psychology, Joseph Campbell's work on myth, and various world literatures and traditions. A range of influences marks Bly’s literary career—from the imagery poets of Europe to the ecstatic and spiritual traditions of Rumi and other Sufi poets, alongside Indigenous and folk traditions. This blend of inspirations informs Bly's approach in Iron John, where he uses the Grimm Brothers' fairy tale as a scaffold to explore the dynamics of male growth, mentorship, and the quest for self amid the modern crisis of masculinity.

Bly's work occupies a distinct place within the genre of gender studies and self-help, focusing on male psychology and the challenges faced by men in modern society, setting a cornerstone in the discourse on male identity and emotional wellness. Iron John emerged during a time of significant interest in men's roles and identities, contributing to and sparking discussions in the broader men's movement of the late 20th century. The book explores themes of masculinity, initiation, and the role of the mentor, hinting at the often-unspoken emotional lives of men. Bly aims to appeal beyond male readers, offering insights that are broadly relevant across genders. Readers should be aware that Iron John discusses gender identity in ways that individuals may find sensitive or controversial.

This guide refers to the 2015, Da Capo Press 25th anniversary edition.

Summary

Iron John: A Book About Men by Robert Bly is an exploration of the crisis and development of masculinity, utilizing the Grimm fairy tale Iron John as a lens to examine the psychological and cultural challenges men face today. The narrative of Iron John provides a structure for Bly's discussion, which weaves together mythological analysis, storytelling, and cultural critique, engaging with themes of masculinity, initiation, and the search for identity within the male psyche. Each chapter in Bly's book corresponds to different phases of this initiation, serving as a metaphor for the male's journey toward understanding and integrating his masculinity in the modern world.

The book starts with the discovery of Iron John, who symbolizes the untamed, instinctual aspects of masculinity that society often urges men to tame or ignore. This encounter symbolizes the initial awakening of that primal, instinctual self in a man. Bly suggests that recognizing and embracing this wildness is a critical first step in a man's journey of self-discovery. He posits that contemporary society lacks the communal rites of passage that once marked the transition from boyhood to manhood, leaving many men feeling disconnected from their emotions, spirituality, and true selves. This disconnection, Bly argues, results from the suppression of male expressiveness and “wildness” by societal norms and the absence of mentorship and guidance for young men.

As the narrative progresses, Bly delves into the theme of mentorship and the importance of the male mentor in guiding the young man through the trials of life. The story of the young prince stealing the key and unlocking Iron John serves as a metaphor for the rebellious yet necessary step of defying societal norms to reclaim one's true self. Bly argues that such acts of rebellion are essential for personal growth and the development of a mature, integrated masculinity. Through this analysis, Bly critiques the modern world's impact on male roles, suggesting that industrialization has disconnected men from nature and traditional masculine roles, leading to a diminished expression of inherent masculine qualities. He also notes that while the feminist movement has addressed important gender inequalities, it has caused some men to question their identities, contributing to uncertainty around traditional expressions of masculinity. Bly advocates for a redefined masculinity that honors positive traits while embracing gender equality.

The chapters that follow discuss various trials and lessons the young prince undergoes while under Iron John's guidance, including learning about grief, power, and responsibility. These stages reflect the psychological and spiritual challenges men face as they strive to reconcile their strength with vulnerability, their independence with their need for community, and their sexuality with respect and integrity. Bly also delves into the themes of mentorship and the father-son relationship, emphasizing the importance of intergenerational support and the sharing of wisdom for personal growth and understanding. He explores the psychological effects of the lack of such relationships, advocating for a reconnection with the mentor archetype to guide men through the complexities of finding their place in the world.

Bly further examines the role of the feminine, both within the male psyche and in the external world, in the development of a balanced masculinity. The prince's relationship with the princess and his quest to win her love symbolize the integration of masculine and feminine energies, leading to a more holistic and authentic expression of self. In discussing the resolution of the Iron John story, where the protagonist integrates his learned experiences and emerges as a more complete individual, Bly suggests that men need to embark on their own journeys of self-discovery. He calls for a re-engagement with myth and archetypal journeys as a means for men to rediscover their masculinity and develop a more holistic sense of self. This involves reconciling the masculine and feminine aspects within, embracing both strength and sensitivity, and moving toward a balanced and authentic expression of self.

Bly concludes with a vision for the future of masculinity, one that includes a renewed understanding and integration of the Wild Man archetype. He advocates for a masculinity that honors both the power and vulnerability of men, encouraging them to confront their fears and to grow beyond the limitations imposed by societal expectations. In the final chapters, Bly addresses the return of the prince to his kingdom, now a king in his own right, integrating his experiences with Iron John into his rule. This represents the culmination of the initiation process—achieving a balance between wildness and wisdom, strength and compassion, and action and reflection.

Iron John: A Book About Men is an analysis of a fairy tale that calls for men to explore the depths of their own identities. Bly's use of mythological and cultural frameworks offers a roadmap for men to navigate the challenges of modern masculinity and to emerge as individuals who are both strong and compassionate, capable of leadership and love.