Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ

Goleman explores the impact of emotions on cognitive abilities and life success. Drawing from personal experiences, Goleman vividly describes how intense fear, in his case, during a calculus exam, can paralyze the thinking brain, which emphasizes the detrimental effects of emotional distress on mental clarity. He argues that emotional upsets, such as anxiety, anger, or depression, hinder effective learning and information processing, as they divert attention and overwhelm working memory—the executive function crucial for intellectual efforts.

Goleman highlights the role of positive motivation in achievement by citing examples from Olympic athletes, musicians, and chess grandmasters. He asserts that emotional traits like enthusiasm and persistence are key contributors to success, often starting in childhood with rigorous training routines. He highlights the impact of cultural work ethic, exemplified by Asian students’ dedication to academic pursuits, as a manifestation of emotional edge leading to higher motivation and persistence.

The chapter also introduces “The Marshmallow Test,” a study by Walter Mischel, which suggests how a child’s ability to delay gratification at the age of four significantly predicts later life success. These traits often appear early in childhood and do not fit within the rational brain. Goleman emphasizes the importance of impulse control as a fundamental aspect of emotional self-control, crucial for inhibiting impulsive actions and facilitating goal-directed behavior.